Urbanization and (In)Formalization
نویسندگان
چکیده
FORMALITY: CONCEPTS, MEASUREMENT, AND TRENDS ..................................................................................... 3 CONCEPTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 MEASUREMENT AND TRENDS ........................................................................................................................................... 5 URBANIZATION AND THE TRANSITION TO FORMALITY ....................................................................................... 7 THE TRADITIONAL LITERATURE .......................................................................................................................................... 7 ENTERPRISE SIZE, GEOGRAPHICAL DENSITY, AND FORMALITY ................................................................................................... 9 THE LOCATION OF FORMALITY IN INDIA ............................................................................................................................. 10 POLICY IMPLICATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 18 WHY WORRY ABOUT INFORMALITY? ................................................................................................................................ 18 WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ABOUT INFORMALITY? ................................................................................................................. 22 AN AGENDA FOR CITY MAYORS TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGE OF GROWING INFORMALITY............................................................ 24 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................... 25 NOTES............................................................................................................................................................... 28 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
منابع مشابه
The relationship between structure and performance organizational from emergency staff viewpoints
Background and Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between organizational structure and organizational performance from the perspective of the staff of 115 emergency departments of Mazandaran province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, data were collected from the emergency personnel of different hospitals of Mazandaran province, Iran in 2014. Moreover, data ...
متن کاملبررسی ابعاد ساختارسازمانی در بیمارستان های عمومی شهرستان یزد با رویکرد مکانیک –
Background: The first important issue underlying any organization is its structure. Among structural factors, complexity, formalization and centralization are more important than others and are considered as main factors. The main purpose of this research is determining structural factors(compelexity, formalization and centralization ) and the preferred structure with a mechanic and organic ap...
متن کاملThe Effect of Urbanization on Income Inequality in Iran
Abstract. The dramatic growth of urbanization with the expansion of cities in terms of size and population has led to the creation of a variety of administrative structures to provide different types of administrative services and combinations. And bureaucratic and social mismatches cause corruption and unequal distribution of income and class fault. The main purpose of this study is to invest...
متن کاملPeople Perception Regarding Possible Impact of Urbanization on Environmental Degradation in Islamabad
Urbanization is the process in which green space (fields, trees, wetlands, etc.) is converted into black space (concrete and asphalt). Urbanization occurs because people move from rural areas to urban areas. This usually occurs when a country is still developing. Slums and its consequences of overcrowding lack of sanitation, global warming, air pollution, water pollution and loss of forest cove...
متن کاملEffect of Urbanization on Agricultural Production in Abia State
This study examined the effect of urbanization on agricultural production in Abia State. Specifically, it categorized the land tenancy status of the farmers, analyzed the effect of urbanization on agricultural productivity and identified the constraints to agricultural productivity. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Primary data collected using structured ...
متن کامل